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On Section regarding Epidemiology, Department regarding Drug (Yards.A.Yards., T.G., Meters.M.) and you will Agencies off Diet and Integrative Structure (P.Yards.Grams.), School regarding Utah, Salt Lake Town; Company regarding Medicine, Ny College College or university away from Treatments (J.Yards.B.); Welch Cardio to have Avoidance, Epidemiology and you will Medical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A.); and Agencies of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College from Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC ardent (J.A good.T.).
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On the Section of Epidemiology, Institution off Treatments (M.A beneficial.Yards., T.Grams., M.Meters.) and you may Agency off Nourishment and you can Integrative Structure (P.Meters.Grams.), College or university from Utah, Salt River Urban area; Agency of Medicine, Nyc School School of Medicine (J.Meters.B.); Welch Center getting Protection, Epidemiology and Medical Look, Johns Hopkins College or university, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A good.); and you may Service of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College away from Treatments, Winston-Salem, NC (J.Good.T.).
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On the Office off Epidemiology, Service off Medicine (Meters.A beneficial.Yards., T.Grams., M.Yards.) and you may Agencies from Nourishment and you may Integrative Physiology (P.M.Grams.), University out-of Utah, Sodium River Town; Department out-of Treatments, New york College College away from Medication (J.Yards.B.); Welch Cardio getting Protection, Epidemiology and you can Logical Search, Johns Hopkins College or university, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A.); and you may Agency from Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest University away from Drug, Winston-Salem, NC (J.Good.T.).
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From the Department out-of Epidemiology, Agency away from Drug (Yards.A beneficial.Meters., T.G., Yards.Meters.) and you will Agency away from Nutrients and you will Integrative Anatomy (P.Meters.G.), University from Utah, Sodium Lake City; Institution off Medication, Nyc College College or university off Drug (J.Yards.B.); Welch Center to have Protection, Epidemiology and Scientific Research, Johns Hopkins School, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A great.); and you can Company regarding Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School from Drug, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A beneficial.T.).
You are enjoying the newest variety of this article. Earlier versions:
On the Office off Epidemiology, Agency away from Medicine (Meters.A beneficial.Meters., T.Grams., M.Yards.) and you will Agency away from Nutrition and you may Integrative Structure (P.M.G.), School out of Utah, Salt Lake City; Agency out of Medicine, New york School College away from Medicine (J.Yards.B.); Welch Cardiovascular system getting Reduction, Epidemiology and you may Medical Search, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A great.); and you may Company from Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest College or university of Drug, Winston-Salem, NC (J.An excellent.T.).
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About Office from Epidemiology, Agency out of Drug (M.A.M., T.Grams., M.M.) and you will Institution out-of Diet and you may Integrative Anatomy (P.M.G.), College of Utah, Salt River Area; Department off Medication, New york School College away from Drug (J.Meters.B.); Welch Cardiovascular system to own Prevention, Epidemiology and Health-related Research, Johns Hopkins College, Baltimore, MD (L.J.An effective.); and Agency away from Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Tree University away from Drug, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A great.T.).
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On the Section away from Epidemiology, Agency from Medication (Yards.An excellent.Meters., T.Grams., Meters.Meters.) and you will Service off Diet and Integrative Physiology (P.M.Grams.), College or university regarding Utah, Sodium Lake Area; Agencies off Medication, Ny College or university College regarding Medicine (J.Meters.B.); Welch Heart to own Reduction, Epidemiology and you may Health-related Look, Johns Hopkins College, Baltimore, MD (L.J.Good.); and you can Company out-of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Tree College of Medication, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A great.T.).
Abstract
Dietary Na recommendations are expressed as absolute amounts (mg/d) rather than as Na density (mg/kcal). Our objective was to determine whether the strength of the relationship of Na intake with blood pressure (BP) varied with energy intake. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)–Sodium trial was a randomized feeding trial comparing 2 diets (DASH and control) and 3 levels of Na density. Participants with pre- or stage 1 hypertension consumed diets for 30 days in random order; energy intake was controlled to maintain body weight. This secondary analysis of 379 non-Hispanic black and white participants used mixed-effects models to assess the association of Na and energy intakes with BP. The relationships between absolute Na and both systolic and diastolic BP varied with energy intake. BP rose more steeply with increasing Na at lower energy intake than at higher energy intake (P interaction<0.001). On the control diet with 2300 mg Na, both systolic and diastolic BP were higher (3.0 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–5.8; and 2.7 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–4.5, respectively) among those with lower energy intake (higher Na density) than among those with higher energy intake (lower Na density). The association of Na with systolic BP was stronger at lower levels of energy intake in both blacks and whites (P<0.001). The association of Na and diastolic BP varied with energy intake only among blacks (P=0.001). Sodium density should be considered as a metric for expressing dietary Na recommendations.